Microbial allies in malignancy: Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida biofilms in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Periodontal pathogens *Porphyromonas gingivalis* and *Candida* species form biofilms that synergistically promote oral squamous cell carcinoma through chronic inflammation, epithelial changes, and activation of cancer-related signaling pathways. These polymicrobial interactions create a tumor-promoting environment and suggest novel therapeutic targets including anti-biofilm and microbiome-modulating approaches.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.