Interactive associations of sagittal and vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns with upper cervical spine morphology and posture in growing patients.

Researchers examined how front-to-back and vertical jaw patterns relate to upper neck spine structure and positioning in growing children, finding that vertical patterns showed stronger associations with cervical features, while front-to-back patterns had more selective effects, with both dimensions interacting in complex ways.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.