Root Perforations: Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, and Contemporary Repair Materials: A Narrative Review.

Researchers reviewed evidence on root perforations (pathological communications between the root canal and external root surface) to examine their causes, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Current data shows that treatment success depends on perforation location and size, prompt sealing, bacterial control, and material choice, with calcium-silicate bioceramics offering improvements over traditional materials.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.