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Context-dependent roles of microRNA-21 in oral medicine: Established oncogenic relevance in OSCC and emerging regenerative potential in MRONJ.

Archives of oral biology · Vicidomini T, Giovannacci I, Galli C, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Meleti M, Vescovi P · 2026-09-30

MicroRNA-21 appears to have opposite effects depending on context: it may help bone regeneration in medication-related jaw osteonecrosis, but promotes cancer development and treatment resistance in oral potentially malignant conditions and oral cancers. Clinical translation requires careful tissue-specific control to balance regenerative benefits against oncological risks.

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