Other Research Randomised controlled trial ✓ Peer reviewed

Pain assessment using prostaglandin E(2) levels in passive self-ligating and conventional fixed appliances : A randomized controlled trial.

Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · Jose Paul N, Pottipalli Sathyanarayana H, Kailasam V · 2026-10-15

Researchers compared pain responses between passive self-ligating and conventional fixed appliances by measuring prostaglandin levels and pain scores over one week; both appliance types showed similar pain patterns, with peaks at different timepoints but no significant overall differences between groups.

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