Three-dimensional condylar and glenoid fossa changes following functional appliance therapy in class II malocclusion: a systematic review.

A systematic review of seven studies found that functional appliances produce mild-to-moderate three-dimensional changes in the condyle and inconsistent glenoid fossa remodeling in growing Class II patients, with Twin Block appliances showing greater condylar volume increases than Herbst appliances.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.