Preoperative and Intraoperative Molecular Pulpal Diagnostics: Practical and Biological Considerations.

This narrative review examined how molecular biomarkers from biological fluids—particularly gingival crevicular fluid—could objectively assess pulpal inflammation compared with conventional diagnostic methods. The authors concluded that while biomarker-based diagnostics show promise, they require further validation and standardisation before clinical implementation in endodontics.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.