Impact of sample mass on the reliability of toenail fluoride for exposure assessment.
Researchers determined that toenail samples of at least 2.2–2.5 mg are needed for reliable fluoride measurement, and found one extraction protocol produced more consistent results than another when analysing fluoride content as a marker of exposure.
A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.
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Fluoride Varnish 2026 Update
Everything you need to apply fluoride varnish with confidence — the science, the products, the protocol, the Australian guidance.
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