Multifactorial assessment of halitosis in systemically and orally healthy orthodontic patients: Airway dimensions, breathing pattern, and comparison with a portable breath analyzer.

Researchers examined relationships between airway dimensions, skeletal patterns, breathing type, and halitosis in 113 orthodontic patients, finding that tooth-brushing frequency and oral dryness—rather than airway features—were associated with halitosis, and that portable breath analyzers showed good agreement with organoleptic assessment.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.