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Life stage shifts in salivary microbiota determinants: a cross-sectional study in twins.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · Haworth S, Bellou E, Kuja-Halkola R, Yau WL, Johansson I, Esberg A · 2026-09-16

Researchers compared salivary microbiota in infant and adult twin pairs, finding that shared environmental factors dominated infants' oral bacteria composition, while genetics became the stronger driver in adults, suggesting life-stage-specific intervention approaches may be needed.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.

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