Other Research Study ✓ Peer reviewed

In vitro Evaluation of an FD&C Blue No. 1-based Optical Whitening System as a as an Alternative to Peroxide-containing Agents for Teeth Whitening.

Annals of African medicine · Sarkar S, Shetty A, Rao LN, Shetty HK, Govind S, Nayak V · 2026-09-15

Researchers tested an optical whitening system using blue dye on extracted teeth and found it produced immediate whitening through surface masking, did not penetrate enamel deeply, but lost effectiveness after simulated aging and showed toxicity concerns at higher concentrations.

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