Orthodontic Appliance Associated Oral Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Prevalence, Onset, and Contributing Factors.

Orthodontic appliances cause oral mucosal lesions in 58% of patients, with treatment duration being the strongest risk factor; ulceration and gingival overgrowth were particularly common.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.