Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of a 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Dentifrice for Orthodontic Subjects: An In Vitro Study.

Researchers formulated and tested a toothpaste containing 4-hydroxycinnamic acid against oral bacteria, inflammation, and oxidative stress in laboratory conditions. The higher-concentration formulation showed stronger antimicrobial activity against *Streptococcus mutans* and promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects compared to commercial toothpaste.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.