Paediatric & MIH Meta-analysis ✓ Peer reviewed

Oral Candida colonisation and cariogenic bacteria in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research · Hendrawan MI, Amanda EA, Alwi IP, Mubarak H, Taufiqurrahman I, Tajrin A · 2026-11-01

Children with cleft lip and/or palate showed nearly threefold higher oral *Candida* colonisation and elevated *Streptococcus mutans* counts compared to non-cleft peers, suggesting a fungal-bacterial contribution to their increased caries risk.

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