Endothelin-1 drives COX-2 and prostaglandin E(2) expression in osteoblasts through MAPK/AP-1 signaling during periodontal inflammation.

Researchers found that endothelin-1 stimulates bone-forming cells to produce inflammation-driving molecules (COX-2 and prostaglandin E₂) via a specific signaling pathway involving receptor activation and multiple downstream protein cascades.

A plain-English summary of the study's own findings — we don't add our own claims or interpretation. Read the full paper for the complete methods and results, and apply your own clinical judgement.